Wicked problems typically arise when what dimension is added to an already complex system?

Wicked problems are characterized by their complexity and the interdependency of various factors that make them difficult to solve. When the human or social dimension is added to an already complex system, it introduces elements such as values, beliefs, behaviors, and stakeholder interactions. These factors significantly complicate problem-solving processes because they involve subjective perspectives and often conflicting interests among different groups.

In many cases, the human/social dimension encompasses the cultural, societal, and ethical implications of a problem, which can lead to varying interpretations of what constitutes a 'solution.' This layer of complexity is what often pushes a problem into the realm of "wicked," as it becomes challenging to achieve consensus among stakeholders, define the problem clearly, or evaluate solutions objectively.

By integrating the human/social dimension into existing complexities, the potential for diverse goals, emotions, and social dynamics amplifies the challenges associated with creating effective, sustainable solutions. This is why recognizing the human/social dimension is critical in understanding and addressing wicked problems effectively.