The 12 principles of Green Chemistry primarily assume that:

The 12 principles of Green Chemistry fundamentally emphasize the importance of making chemical processes more sustainable and environmentally friendly. In this context, the correct choice reflects the notion that chemical engineering practices primarily originate from bench-scale research. This implies that many innovations in green chemistry start at the laboratory or small-scale experimentation level before they can be successfully scaled up for industrial applications.

The principles advocate for the design of processes that reduce waste, use safer solvents, and minimize energy consumption, among other goals. When these principles are considered, they show that the initial stages of developing green solutions often happen in controlled, smaller settings where scientists can carefully analyze and verify the impacts of their chemical processes. This foundational approach is essential for ensuring that the scaling up of processes is done with sustainability in mind.

The other options focus on broader, less precise concepts that do not accurately reflect the core tenets of Green Chemistry. For example, stating that all chemicals are harmful does not align with the Green Chemistry principles, which seek to identify and utilize safer alternatives. Additionally, suggesting that environmental impacts are negligible contradicts the very focus of Green Chemistry on mitigating those impacts. Finally, claiming that chemical engineering practices vary by industry is too vague and does not specifically relate to the tenets laid out by the principles